The toilet is an indispensable feature of modern life that we often take for granted. Though it may be an unglamorous household fixture, the humble toilet has a fascinating history and continues to evolve with new designs and technology. Join us as we explore the overlooked story of the toilet!
A Brief History of Toilet Technology
Humans have come up with ingenious ways to handle bodily waste throughout history, from ancient latrines to chamber pots. But it wasn’t until the late 1800s that today’s familiar flush toilet emerged.
The Invention of the Flush Toilet
In 1596, Sir John Harrington invented a primitive version of the flush toilet for Queen Elizabeth I. But it took nearly 300 more years before Alexander Cummings patented the S-shaped trap still used in toilets today. His valve-type flush toilet design spread rapidly in the 1800s.
The Rise of Sewer Systems
As flush toilets became popular in cities, large-scale sewer systems were needed to manage waste. London built the first modern sewer system in the 1850s, and cities like Chicago and Paris followed suit. Sewer systems dramatically improved sanitation and health.
Toilet Design Innovations
Thomas Crapper didn’t invent the flush toilet, but he did patent innovations like the floating ballcock. Other toilet pioneers include William Elvis Sloan, who invented the flushometer, and Albert Giblin, who created the more efficient siphon toilet tank.
Toilet Trivia Tidbits
- The first toilet stall doors opened inward rather than outward to prevent men from spying into the toilet area.
- Ancient Romans used a sponge on a stick as a toilet paper substitute. Other early options included corn cobs, seashells, and rags.
- In space, astronauts use a suction toilet system that relies on air flow to transport waste away.
- Japanese high-tech toilets called Washlets provide cleansing water jets, heated seats, and even fake flushing sounds to mask bodily noises.
The Plumbing Parts that Make Toilets Work
Though we usually just flush and forget, toilets contain many carefully engineered parts and connections that make them function.
Inside the Toilet Tank
The toilet tank contains mechanisms to control the flow of water into the bowl, including:
- Float ball – Regulates water level in the tank
- Flush valve – Releases water from tank into the bowl
- Fill valve – Refills tank with water after flushing
- Trip lever – Lever or button to flush the toilet
Hidden Plumbing Parts
Behind the scenes, there are also vital toilet parts that connect to drainage infrastructure:
- Trap – Curved pipe that holds water to prevent sewer gas from entering
- Drain pipe – Carries waste from toilet bowl to main sewer line
- Vent stack – Allows air into drainage system to prevent vacuum lock
- Shutoff valve – Allows water to toilet to be turned on/off
Toilet Types to Suit Every Bathroom
With so many varieties available today, what toilet should you choose for your bathroom? Here are some top options:
Standard Toilets
- Most affordable and common variety
- Round or elongated bowl
- Powerful single flush
- ADA-compliant models available
Dual Flush Toilets
- Separate buttons for light or heavy flushing
- Saves water by matching flush to waste
- More expensive but environmentally friendly
Wall-Mounted Toilets
- Tank and inner workings concealed in wall
- Easier cleaning around bowl
- Occupies less floor space
- Installation requires wall reinforcement
Smart Toilets
- Luxury models with features like heated seats, automatic lid, aroma diffuser, night light, etc.
- Advanced bidets and water jets for personal cleansing
- Touchscreen remote controls toilet functions
- Music, UV sanitization, and other high-tech options
Toilet Savvy Care and Maintenance Tips
With proper care, your toilet can serve you reliably for years. Follow these tips:
- Clean the bowl regularly using a toilet brush and non-abrasive cleaner
- Use a pumice stone to remove hard water stains
- Freshen the tank by replacing old water with each flush
- Check the fill valve and flapper for leaks annually
- Make sure the shutoff valve is fully open
- Tighten any loose bowl mounting bolts
- Don’t flush inappropriate items that can clog pipes
- Call a plumber for any persistent clogs, leaks, or other issues
Now Featuring… Dual Flush Toilets
Dual flush toilets offer a practical way to conserve water while still effectively removing waste. Rather than a single flush level, they have two flush buttons:
- Light flush – For liquid waste removal. Uses just 0.8 gallons per flush.
- Heavy flush – For solid waste removal. Uses 1.6 gallons per flush.
Choosing the right flush for the job saves an average of 67% of water compared to a standard 1.6 gallon toilet. The dual flush mechanism is just as reliable as a regular flush. Most models utilize a siphoning flush system.
Dual flush toilets come in many styles, from round to elongated bowls, wall-mounted to two-piece designs, standard height to ADA compliant. While more expensive initially, the water savings make up for the cost over time. Retrofit kits are also available to convert existing toilets to dual flush.
Frequently Asked Questions About Toilets
Why does my toilet keep running?
A continuously running toilet is usually caused by a faulty flapper or fill valve that needs replacement. Adjusting the float arm can sometimes fix fill valve issues. Debris under the flapper or a misaligned chain can also cause running.
How can I unclog my toilet?
Use a plunger forcefully over the drain to dislodge clogs. For stubborn clogs, an auger snake can reach deeper into pipes. Avoid chemical drain cleaners, as they can damage pipes and plumbing parts.
Should I clean my toilet bowl with bleach or other disinfectants?
Bleach and other harsh chemicals can damage the toilet bowl glaze over time. Mild, non-abrasive cleaners are usually sufficient to keep toilets clean and sanitary. Be sure to scrub with a toilet brush regularly.
How can I fix a constantly leaking toilet?
A leaky flapper usually needs to be replaced with a new rubber flap – an easy, inexpensive do-it-yourself fix. The fill valve may also need to be replaced if it is no longer shutting off properly when the tank is full.
Why is the water in my toilet bowl so low?
Low water level is typically caused by an improperly adjusted float that needs to be lowered. A fill valve sticking open and overflow pipe set too low can also result in little water left in the bowl.
Conclusion
Though often overlooked, the toilet is an invaluable fixture that has come a long way over centuries of innovation. Dual flush toilets offer the convenience and reliability of a standard toilet along with the benefits of water conservation. With proper maintenance and care, your toilet can provide years of dependable service. No home should be without this humble yet vital invention!
