Bathroom vanity cabinets and sinks are essential fixtures in any home bathroom. Choosing the right vanity and sink can dramatically impact the look, functionality and storage of your bathroom. This comprehensive guide will provide an introduction to the key things to consider when selecting and installing bathroom vanity cabinets and sinks.
What is a Bathroom Vanity?
A bathroom vanity is the cabinetry and counter that sits underneath or around a bathroom sink. It serves both functional and aesthetic purposes:
- Provides storage space for bathroom items like towels, toiletries and cleaning supplies
- Conceals plumbing like supply lines and drain pipes
- Creates an anchor and focal point for the design of the bathroom
The bathroom vanity consists of three main components:
Cabinet – The box or base that provides enclosed storage space. Vanity cabinets come in varied sizes, designs and materials.
Countertop – The flat work surface on top of the vanity cabinet. Common countertop materials include granite, marble, quartz, solid surface and ceramic tile.
Sink and Faucet – The sink basin and faucet are installed into an opening in the countertop. Self-rimming or undermount sinks are commonly used with vanities.
Choosing compatible components that properly fit the available bathroom space is key for a successful vanity installation.
Bathroom Vanity Cabinets
The vanity cabinet provides both storage and support for the countertop and sink. When selecting a vanity cabinet, here are some key considerations:
Cabinet Styles
Vanity cabinets come in a variety of standard styles:
- Single – Features doors on just one side. Best for small bathrooms.
- Double – Doors on two facing sides. Provides more storage.
- Center drawer – Drawers in the middle flanked by doors on both sides.
- Trifold – Three mirrored doors that open from the center. Space saver.
- Corner – Angled cabinet for a corner. Makes use of dead space.
- Tower – Tall and narrow cabinet. Good use of vertical space.
Cabinet Sizing
The size of the vanity cabinet must be carefully considered:
- Measure available space – existing vanities are often 24-30 inches deep and 24-36 inches tall.
- Allow for proper clearance – doors and drawers need room to open fully without hitting walls, toilet or other fixtures.
- Factor in sink and countertop size – they need adequate flat surface area and proper cabinet opening.
- Standard vanity sizes range from 12 inches for pedestal sinks up to 60 inches for double vanities.
Cabinet Materials
Vanity cabinets are constructed using different frame materials and finishes:
- Wood – Most popular choice. Durable and attractive in finishes like paint, stain and laminate. Oak, maple and cherry are commonly used.
- Thermofoil – Composite wood covered in plastic laminate. Most affordable wood-like option. Resists chipping and scratching.
- Metal – Used for a sleek, contemporary look. Often made of stainless steel or powder coated aluminum. More expensive.
- Manufactured wood – Engineered wood like particle board used for cabinet boxes. Environmentally friendly. Requires lamination.
Cabinet Features
Consider available options when selecting your vanity cabinet:
- Drawers – Provide extra storage for small items. Full extension drawer glides enable full access.
- Doors – Typically feature soft-close hinges and magnetic catches. Mirrored doors help visually expand space.
- Shelves – Adjustable or fixed shelves maximize storage inside the cabinet. Glass shelves allow viewing contents.
- Cupboard – A false drawer front that opens to an open cubby space. Great for rolled towels.
- Pulls/knobs – Hardware should match the style and finish of the cabinet and other bathroom fixtures.
- Toe kick – Recessed space under the cabinet with unfinished interior. Allows for plumbing and provides an inset look.
Getting Good Value
Here are some tips for finding a quality vanity cabinet at a good price:
- Shop sales or negotiate at home improvement stores or cabinet showrooms.
- Check big box stores for affordable stock cabinetry with limited customization.
- Order online for greater selection and availability of vanity sizes and features.
- Consider knock-down or economy cabinets to save costs while maintaining functionality.
- Used or antique vanities can provide one-of-a-kind style at a fraction of the cost.
Bathroom Vanity Tops
Choosing the right countertop is key to pulling together the look of your bathroom vanity. Here are some popular options to consider:
Natural Stone
Granite, marble and travertine add beauty and luxury with natural patterns and tones. However, they scratch and stain easily. Sealing is required. Higher cost.
Engineered Quartz
Quartz surfaces like Caesarstone provide the look of natural stone without the maintenance. Resists scratches, stains and heat. Large color selection. Mid-to-high price range.
Solid Surface
Corian and Avonite are acrylic-based solid sheets with integrated sink bowls. Seamless appearance. Matte or glossy finishes. Prone to scratches over time. Mid-price range.
Ceramic/Porcelain Tile
Durable, water-resistant and easy-clean option. Provides pattern and texture options. Grout between tiles can stain. Low-to-mid cost.
Laminate
Affordable alternative with laminated plastic layered over particle board or MDF. Large selection of colors and patterns. Prone to scratches and water damage over time.
Butcher Block
Wood adds warmth but requires sealing. Bacteria can collect in cracks. Avoid pairing with undermount sink which allows wood to rot. Mid-to-high cost.
Be sure to select a countertop that fits the vanity cabinet properly and allows sufficient room for the sink and faucet installation. Edge profiles should complement the cabinet style.
Bathroom Vanity Sinks
Choosing a sink is one of the most important vanity decisions, impacting the room’s functionality and aesthetics. Considerations include:
Sink Materials
- Porcelain – glossy, durable enamel fused onto metal. Prone to chipping.
- Solid surface – non-porous integrated sink and countertop material. Seamless appearance.
- Enameled cast iron – glossy, durable and sound-dampening. Expensive and very heavy.
- Stainless steel – hygienic and easy to clean with modern appearance. Can dent and show water spots.
- Glass – elegant vessel sinks sit atop vanities. Not as durable.
- Copper – artisan metal develops patina over time. Higher maintenance.
Mounting Styles
- Undermount – installed below the countertop with clean transition. Harder to install.
- Self-rimming/drop-in – rim of sink overlaps countertop opening. Easier installation but visible rim.
- Vessel – bowl rests above countertop. High-end, stylish look. Requires thick countertop.
- Wall-mount – attaches directly to wall. Great for small spaces.
Sink Types
- Single – one main basin. Standard for smaller bathrooms.
- Double – main basin with smaller second basin. Provides separation for tasks.
- Trough – one long rectangular basin. Modern and space-saving.
- Pedestal – basin attached to a free-standing column. No vanity needed.
Other Considerations
- Size – Allow room for fixtures and tasks without splashing. Standard is 20-22 inches wide.
- Depth – Undermount sinks allow deeper bowls. Vessel sinks are shallower.
- Drain holes – Center drain maximizes basin space. Side drains allow tighter placement to wall.
- Faucet holes – Number and placement affects faucet and accessory options.
Bathroom Vanity Installation
Once you have selected the individual components – vanity cabinet, countertop and sink – proper installation is critical for functionality and aesthetics.
Here is an overview of the general installation process:
Preparation
- Remove existing vanity if replacing. Turn off water supply lines.
- Thoroughly clean the floor area where the vanity will be installed.
Mounting the Cabinet
- Place the vanity cabinet in the exact desired position. Mark locations for plumbing rough-ins.
- Draw plumb lines on the wall to locate mounting points for the cabinet.
- Attach mounting brackets to wall studs, not just drywall. Shim if needed for proper leveling.
- Attach cabinet to the wall with provided hardware. Test for plumb and level.
Plumbing and Electrical
- Connect drain line to p-trap under the cabinet floor.
- Connect hot and cold water supply lines to shut-off valves inside cabinet.
- Install any electrical wiring needed, like for lights or outlets inside the vanity.
Countertop Installation
- Thoroughly clean inside cabinet to remove dust before setting countertop.
- Apply adhesive or silicone caulk to top of vanity cabinet. Carefully lower countertop into place.
- Check alignment along all edges and to wall. Shim if needed to level. Allow adhesive to fully set before moving on.
Sink and Faucet Installation
- Cut countertop opening for undermount sinks using the template provided. Follow instructions carefully.
- For self-rimming sinks, set sink in opening to check fit before fastening to countertop.
- Apply plumber’s putty between sink and countertop. Attach clips or mounting hardware underneath.
- Mount the faucet and drain assembly according to manufacturer instructions.
- Make final hot/cold and drain connections. Check for leaks and proper drainage.
Finishing Touches
- Seal any gaps between countertop and wall with silicone caulk.
- Attach any additional hardware like drawer pulls and shelf pins.
- Allow caulk and adhesives to fully cure before using the vanity.
Hiring a professional is advisable for installation, but using a careful, methodical approach allows an experienced DIYer to tackle a vanity installation successfully. Always follow local plumbing codes.
Style and Design of Bathroom Vanities
Beyond the functional considerations of installing a vanity, it’s important to think about the look and style of your vanity as a key design element in your bathroom. Consider how the vanity complements your bathroom’s overall decor and aesthetics.
Traditional Style
- Ornate detailing like fluting, carvings and turned legs
- Elegant materials like marble and hardwoods
- Mirrored cabinets and drawer fronts
- Metal bases and accents in brushed bronze or nickel
Contemporary Style
- Simple, clean lines and silhouette
- Modern materials like glass, acrylic and metals
- Hidden hardware with touch latches
- Glossy lacquered finishes in white and black
Transitional Style
- Mix of traditional and contemporary
- Simple cabinet shapes with antique style hardware
- Natural stone and wood tones with pops of color
- Open shelving next to closed cabinetry
Cottage Style
- Painted wood cabinets in light hues like white, gray and blue
- Distressed paint treatments and visible wood grains
- Vintage hardware like porcelain knobs and pulls
- Apron front, curved or scalloped details
Industrial Style
- Metals like stainless steel, bronze and aged tin
- Minimal hardware and exposed joinery
- Concrete or wood countertops
- Raw, utilitarian aesthetic
The style options are endless, so look for inspiration from home design sites, magazines and showrooms. Work within your budget to realize the bathroom vanity style that reflects your personal taste and complements the rest of your bathroom design choices.
Bathroom Vanity Lighting
Proper lighting is an important finishing touch that can add both style and function to your new vanity. Lighting serves key roles:
Task Lighting
- Mounted on top of the mirror or vanity cabinets to provide ideal illumination for using the sink and mirror.
- Wall sconces can frame the mirror.
- Lighting should be eye-level while standing at the vanity for best visibility.
- Dimming helps adjust brightness as needed.
Ambient Lighting
- Adds overall general illumination to the bathroom space.
- Overhead ceiling fixture, recessed cans or pendant lights above the vanity area provide ambient light.
- Should provide both bright task lighting and soft, diffuse general lighting.
Accent Lighting
- Used to highlight architectural elements or decor.
- Under-cabinet lighting or LED strip lights provide dramatic accent lighting.
- Can be used to illuminate display areas or backsplash tilework.
Moisture-Proofing
- Electrical fixtures in bathrooms require waterproofing.
- Light fixtures near sinks should be rated for wet locations.
- Use flushmount lights instead of recessed cans above shower/tub area.
- Use dimmable LED bulbs to prevent overheating and ensure long-life performance.
Bathroom lighting should coordinate well with the vanity finishes and style to provide an integrated look. The right lighting transforms a vanity area from purely functional to inviting.
Small Bathroom Vanity Ideas
Limited space shouldn’t limit your options when selecting a vanity for a small bathroom. Smart layout and design choices can make the most of the available footprint.
Optimize Layout
- Floating vanities hang on the wall, sparing floor space underneath.
- Wall-mount sinks also avoid bulky cabinets underfoot.
- Corner vanity designs take advantage of angled walls.
- Pedestal sinks or wall-mount faucets allow for a super compact footprint.
Maximize Vertical Space
- Tower cabinets offer storage with a narrow floor footprint.
- Full height mirror visually expands space.
- Shelves over toilet expand storage opportunities.
- Mirrored medicine cabinets double function and aesthetics.
Select Scale Carefully
- Avoid oversized vanities that overwhelm.
- Narrow 24-inch models fit most small baths.
- Vessel sinks require less countertop space.
- Limit depth to 20 inches to allow clearance.
- Floating shelves provide display and storage without the bulk of cabinets.
Enhance Lighting
- Windows and skylights introduce natural light.
- Mirrors reflect and amplify light.
- Sconces and accent lighting prevent dark corners.
- Under cabinet lights illuminate surfaces well.
With some creativity, a small bathroom vanity can offer versatility for storage, display and functionality while serving as a centerpiece in even the most modest powder room.
Double Bathroom Vanity Ideas
For bathrooms with ample square footage, consider a double vanity configuration with two sinks. This provides advantages:
Increased Functionality
- Allows two people to use the bathroom simultaneously.
- Provides separation for each person’s items and toiletries.
- Two mirrors and sets of lighting allow for comfortable use.
Expanded Storage
- The extra cabinetry offers far more storage capacity.
- Tower cabinetry takes advantage of vertical space between sinks.
- Split plumbing allows for more usable interior cabinet space.
- Drawers, pull-outs and other storage fittings accommodate more possessions.
Design Interest
- A double vanity becomes a focal point and design feature.
- Options like two different countertop materials or sink styles add diversity.
- Separate his and hers styling personalizes each sink area.
- The center area makes a great spot for decor items like vases, candles or artwork.
Smart Guest Bath
- Doubles capacity for parties or visiting house guests.
- Allows kids or teens to share a large bathroom comfortably.
With space for two people to comfortably get ready together, double bathroom vanities offer functionality along with ample storage and design impact.
Bathroom Vanity Alternatives
While most bathrooms utilize traditional vanity cabinets, other creative options exist:
Repurposed Furniture
- Vintage sideboards, dressers and cabinets adapted into vanities.
- Provides one-of-a-kind style not found in typical bathroom aisles.
- Look for quality construction with closed storage.
- May require extensive modifications to accommodate plumbing.
Wall-Mounted Sinks and Shelving
- Eliminates bulky vanity cabinetry.
- Floating shelves flank the sink area for towel storage and decor.
- Great modern, minimalist look.
- Allows cleaner lines and easier floor cleaning.
Pedestals and Console Sinks
- Stand-alone sinks require no cabinetry.
- Take up minimal floor space.
- Offer a clean, open look below.
- Provide small ledges for decorative items.
Bathroom Wet Bars
- Mini-bars with sink provide prep space outside main vanity.
- Great for a powder room or secondary bath.
- Add a small undercounter refrigerator and cabinets.
- Provide serving area when entertaining.
Don’t be afraid to forego a traditional vanity cabinet to create a unique, specialized bathroom sink area that matches your personal style.
Bathroom Vanity Storage Solutions
To keep bathrooms tidy, organizing all toiletries, towels and accessories is key. Vanities present ample options:
Interior Cabinet Organizers
- Adjustable shelves fully utilize interior cabinet space.
- Slide out trays and pull out drawer storage contain small items.
- Lazy susans efficiently access items
